Answer :-
Meteorological importance of Western Disturbances-
- Winter Rainfall and Snowfall- Western Disturbances are the major source of winter rainfall in northern India and snowfall in the Himalayan regions, playing an important role in groundwater recharge and nourishing the river systems. About 30% of the annual rainfall in northwest India is received from Western Disturbances during the winter season.
- Impact on Monsoonal Rainfall- Western Disturbances influence the onset and progress of the Indian monsoon. They can cause changes in rainfall patterns, leading to drought or flood-like conditions in India and neighboring countries.
- Impact on Agriculture- Variations in the timing and intensity of Western Disturbances affect the sowing and harvesting of Rabi crops. Unseasonal rainfall can damage crops, leading to a decline in agricultural production, as witnessed in wheat production during 2022-23.
- Impact on Air Quality- They affect atmospheric conditions, exacerbating air pollution and smog conditions. A decline in air quality is observed during winters due to them.
- Impact on Temperature and Rainfall Patterns- Western Disturbances lower temperatures through rainfall and snowfall and influence rainfall patterns, which can cause issues like waterlogging and soil.