Menu
Economy

Ease of Doing Business - Strengthening India's Business Framework (UPSC-RAS)

Read in:

Top indicators and reports-

  1. GLOBAL RANKINGS - INDIA'S EODB PROGRESS    63(current ranking )
  2. [World Bank Doing Business Report rank: 2014 to 2019. Improved 79 positions in 5 years]. 
  3. IMD World Competitiveness Ranking: 2021 to 2025. Economic performance, governance, business efficiency, infrastructure - 41(current ranking ).
  4. World Bank GovTech Maturity Index - 2020, 2022, 2025. Advanced digital governance practices Group A(current ranking ).
  5. 38th World Bank Logistics Performance Index 2023 -up from 54th in 2014.

PILLAR 1 -  BUSINESS ENTRY REFORMS

  1. Startup India  Seed Fund · Fund of Funds · investor connect portal · credit guarantee scheme.
  2. Udyam Registration Portal     Free, paperless, self-declaration-based system for MSMEs. Integrated with CBDT and GSTN for documentation-free registration.

PILLAR 2 - PROPERTY REGISTRATION & LAND REFORMS

  1. DILRMP (Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme) -  Shifted land admin from "in-line" to "online." 19 states offer downloadable legally valid land records · NAKSHA aerial survey of 116 ULBs (87% target, 5,915 sq km).
  2. ULPIN — "Aadhaar for Land"  [Unique Land Parcel Identification Number ]  14-digit alphanumeric code based on geo-coordinates. Eliminates duplicity, prevents benami transactions, enables unified land ecosystem.

PILLAR 3 - STREAMLINING PERMIT PROCEDURES

  1. Labour Codes   Occupational Safety, Health & Working Conditions (OSH) Code 2020 replaced 13 Central Labour Laws. Key changes: e-single registration, single return, single all-India licence valid 5 years; 1 registration replaces 6 registrations.
  2. Environmental ClearancesAmended Uniform Consent Guidelines under Air & Water Acts CTO (Consent to Operate) now valid until cancelled (no repeated renewals); MSMEs in notified industrial estates get deemed Consent to Establish on self-certified application.
  3. NSWS - National Single Window System (Single digital platform - 32 Central Departments and 34 State Governments.

PILLAR 4 -MARKET CONNECTIVITY & LOGISTICS

  1. GeM (Govt e-Marketplace)-  68% orders by MSEs; 47.1% of GMV. 2.04 lakh, women-led MSEs on GeM (₹79,231 crore orders).
  2. ONDC (Open Network for Digital Commerce) - open protocols reduce monopolistic platform dependency.
  3. PM GatiShakti NMP 58 Central Ministries and all States/UTs on unified digital platform with 3,199 data layers. NPG evaluated 352 projects worth ₹16.10 lakh crore (Feb 2026).
  4. LDB 2.0 (Logistics Data Bank )-  real-time multimodal cargo tracking (road, rail, sea).

PILLAR 5 — EASIER CREDIT ACCESS

  1. CGTMSE Credit Guarantee Scheme for Micro & Small Enterprises  collateral-free loans.
  2. PMMY - Mudra Yojana  Collateral-free loans up to ₹20 lakh. Total disbursed: ₹40.07 lakh crore; 57 crore+ accounts (March 2026).
  3. CAM - Credit Assessment Model  PSBs launched AI-based model using digital footprints for automated MSME loan appraisal.
  4. TReDS Trade Receivables Discounting System -  MSME invoice financing platform. Budget 2026-27: mandated for CPSEs; linked with GeM; TReDS receivables as asset-backed securities for secondary market.

PILLAR 6 -  TAX COMPLIANCE REFORMS

  1. GST - replaced excise duty, service tax, VAT, CST etc. GST reforms Sept 2025: simplified two-rate structure and rate rationalisation.
  2. Faceless Assessment   - E-Assessment Scheme -  eliminated physical interface between taxpayer and tax officers..
  3. E-Way Bill - Replaced multiple state-level permits with single electronic document for goods movement. Removed static border check posts.

PILLAR 7 - DIGITAL PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE (DPI)

  1. UPI - Real-time payment system. Connects 713 banks. IMF acknowledged as world's largest real-time payment system by transaction volume.
  2. cKYC-  RegistryCentralised repository of customer KYC records - uniform KYC norms, inter-usability across financial institutions. Eliminates repeated KYC submission. Simplifies customer onboarding.
  3. EntityLocker - Digital locker for business entities  secure cloud-based platform for storing, sharing, verifying digital documents.

PILLAR 8 -  TRUST-BASED GOVERNANCE & COMPLIANCE REDUCTION

  1. Jan Vishwas Act 2023 Decriminalised 183 provisions across 42 Acts - reduced criminal liability for minor/technical offences. Amended 784 provisions of 79 Central Acts administered by 23 Ministries. Rationalises 1,000+ offences. - removes outdated and redundant provisions.
  2. BRAP & D-BRAPBusiness Reforms Action Plan -  8th edition rolled out Nov 2025. Covers: single window, land, construction permits, inspection reform, labour, tax compliance, commercial dispute resolution. District Business Reform Action Plan (D-BRAP)  EoDB at district level through Collectorates, Development Authorities, and ULBs.