Ans.:-
1) Linguistic diversity –
-Persian was the official language but literature was produced in Arabic, Turkish, Hindi, Urdu.
2) Autobiographies and travelogues were written –
-Futuhat-e-Firozshahi (Firoz Tughlaq), Rihla by Ibn Battuta.
3) Rich historiography –
-most important literary contribution of Sultanate period is its history writing. Works like:
- Ziauddin Barani – Tarikh-i-Firozshahi
- Minhaj-us-Siraj – Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
- Amir Khusrau – Khazain-ul-Futuh and Shams-i-Siraj Afif – Tarikh-i-Firozshahi provide detailed accounts of rulers’ lives, administrative reforms.
4) Regional and provincial language flourished – Bengali, Telugu.
5) Inclusion of Indian themes like:-
-Indian philosophy, music, science, social life. Eg. Nuh sipehr of Amir Khusrau.
6) Translation works – Sanskrit works translated into Persian.
7) Sufi and Bhakti influence - emphasizing devotion and love.
- This, the literature of sultanate era is a living document highlighting the cultural exchange, linguistic and historical synthesis of Indo islamic ideologies.